- Apple software
- 2023 youtube-dl in 2023 — Downloading a video off Youtube
- 2023 What process is using my port? — Starting ... on localhost:9229 failed: address already in use
- 2021 Alt Tab behaviour on MacOS — Alt+tab on Mac's window manager is weird
- 2021 Consolidating the FCPX Library — How to ensure all your media is in the Library
- Archlinux
- 2021 Setting the default browser — How to setup terminal mime association so that xdg-open URL opens the right browser profile
- 2020 Add user to group
- 2020 gpg: keyserver receive failed: General error
- 2016 Interesting journalctl logs
- 2016 how do I list the files in a Alpine package?
- 2015 Firefox gstreamer MP4 playback
- 2015 Viewing systemd logs from the Web
- 2015 btrfs disk space
- 2015 Notes on undeleting files in git-annex
- 2015 Webkit versions in Archlinux
- 2015 How to validate systemd service file
- 2015 Where is my Xorg log?
- 2015 How to print Unicode characters in bash
- 2014 Failed to start Verify integrity of password and group files.
- Cloud
- 2022 Cloudwatch Insights — Surfacing errors
- 2022 Terraform a role — Why is this so hard?
- 2022 Helm secrets — Where are secrets set in values.yaml in Kubernetes?
- 2022 Terraform Import — Managing a VPC in Terraform
- 2022 Unique users via logs — Count how many users you have in your structured logs
- 2022 AWS Codebuild Test reports — Instead of a large build log, use a report
- 2021 Where is the source of AWS services? — What is the source from which AWS APIs and language bindings are generated from?
- 2021 Managing environments — How best to parametrise dev,stg,prd parameters?
- 2021 Rebuild in Codepipeline — Retrying a build which occurred for a previous commit via Codepipeline
- 2021 UPDATE_COMPLETE_CLEANUP_IN_PROGRESS — Stuck with UPDATE_COMPLETE_CLEANUP_IN_PROGRESS
- 2021 UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED — Stuck with UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED
- 2021 Addressing an issue — Why is JIRA's url design so awful?
- 2021 Docker compose environment — direnv or your env?
- 2021 Check Prometheus exported metrics — Use Docker to check metrics are correctly exposed for scraping
- 2021 RAW AWS Logs — How does AWS store your logs?
- 2021 Slow lambda — How do you find poor performing lambda functions?
- 2021 Virtualised Networking — What are AWS NACL or Security groups in a on-premises data center context?
- 2021 Use the AWS CLI to send an SMS — Send an SMS with an Amazon Web Services account
- 2020 Quick AWS cost estimation
- 2017 Setting and extracting the SNS message payload
- 2016 Debugging running Docker image
- 2016 AWS S3 versioning nuances
- 2016 Publish AWS S3 events to email
- 2016 AWS S3 versioning
- 2015 Installing AWS on Archlinux
- 2014 Deleting underscored filenames from a bucket
- 2014 Setting a read S3 policy from the command line
- 2013 How to remove a bucket
- 2013 Download entire public S3 bucket without credentials
- 2013 Steps to make a S3 hosted Git repository
- 2013 AWS Route 53 health check hostname
- Debate
- 2022 Learning to train — Crib notes for how to deliver training
- 2022 Programming wisdom — Copy of programming quotes
- 2021 How to be a conservative — Be assured your prejudices are true - said by Sir Roger Scruton
- 2021 Track outcomes, Verify behaviour — Don't get bogged down in the details
- 2021 Structuring an email — Emails with a bigger impact
- 2021 Discontinuous improvement — Russ Ackoff has a great talk about Systems Architecture
- 2021 What are OKRs? — What are OKRs—Objectives and Key Results?
- 2021 What companies want — Motivations organisationally and from the employee
- 2020 Quotations that took my eye — Capturing some interesting discourse
- 2020 COVID-19 Active cases statistics by Country
- 2020 What, How, Why
- 2013 funny IRC
- 2010 Writing a new faq entry
- 2009 Normative, Idiomatic, Canonical
- 2009 Bad X-ray
- 2008 Comparing modes of working communication
- 2008 Sales procedure - Need, Feature, Benefit
- 2007 1 in 3 people in South Africa die of AIDS
- 2007 Anonymity
- 2007 Bill Gates will solve spam
- 2007 Certification bodies
- 2007 Civil liberties
- 2007 Compare and contrasting
- 2007 Copywrongs
- 2007 Credit Card security
- 2007 Digital Media
- 2007 Dreams
- 2007 DRM
- 2007 Finnish ALCOHOL TAXATION
- 2007 Fire and Motion
- 2007 For EU
- 2007 Free markets
- 2007 Free software in Education / Schools
- 2007 Gmail
- 2007 Internet over powerlines
- 2007 IP
- 2007 KP Child / Kiddie Pornography
- 2007 Leadership
- 2007 Lesscode!
- 2007 Lets believe a clueless analyst
- 2007 NO to the de-facto monopoly Microsoft
- 2007 Politicians
- 2007 Powerpoint SUCKS
- 2007 Python as a teaching language
- 2007 Quotes
- 2007 Radical Simplicity
- 2007 RAID sucks
- 2007 Religions can be damaging
- 2007 Scientific Writing
- 2007 Selling free software
- 2007 Standards
- 2007 There is NO GOD
- 2007 Writing letters
- Debian
- 2017 rsync images to USB key
- 2014 Ensure www-data is always able to write
- 2014 Xorgs version
- 2012 Friends should not let friends use dbus
- 2012 Setting up an external screen
- 2010 Tunnelling ssh through https
- 2010 Adding a user to a group
- 2010 Static linking improves security and updating
- 2010 Sensible boot loaders
- 2009 Tips for a projector
- 2009 Forcefully removing broken packages
- 2009 Suspend and LOCK!
- 2009 Debian re-install init.d configs
- 2008 Version number pain
- 2008 How to rotate a video
- 2008 How to find the Debian version of an installed package
- 2008 Debian man pages
- 2008 Clearing space on root
- 2008 sysctl modify kernel parameters
- 2008 USB stick automount
- 2008 Xsession
- 2008 Finding out which repository the package comes from
- 2008 Script Movies
- 2008 Disable screen blanking
- 2008 Terminus console font
- 2008 What does the .in suffix in postinst.in mean?
- 2008 How to extend a LVM partition
- 2008 Killing a process by name
- 2008 Running a second X server
- 2008 Configuring an external USB drive with LVM
- 2008 Configuring a directory with encryption using LVM
- 2008 Resizing LVM
- 2008 Configuring Firefox as the default Web browser
- 2007 (kernel module) keeps on loading at boot time and I don't know how to blacklist it
- 2007 /etc/enviroment Proxy configuration
- 2007 2.6 CD Burning
- 2007 Anti-aliased fonts
- 2007 Arch Indep packages
- 2007 AWK tips
- 2007 Backgrounding a process
- 2007 Backing up
- 2007 Basename (removing filename extensions in BASH)
- 2007 bash prompt
- 2007 Bash tips
- 2007 Bashing carefully
- 2007 Basically using diff
- 2007 Better than apt-cache search
- 2007 BIN-NMU
- 2007 Bits and Bytes
- 2007 Brazilian guys in Portugal
- 2007 C binary information
- 2007 Cat redirects
- 2007 Changing your window manager
- 2007 Check out some multimedia
- 2007 Checking packages
- 2007 chroot
- 2007 Cloning a Debian machine
- 2007 Closing bugs
- 2007 Comparing files in directories
- 2007 Compiling your own kernel (not recommended)
- 2007 Configuring POSTFIX with your ISP's smtp
- 2007 crontab job
- 2007 CVS checking/viewing differences between versions after commit
- 2007 CVS importing
- 2007 date fun
- 2007 date time for file name
- 2007 Debian Iptable Firewall
- 2007 Debugging core dumps
- 2007 dhclient requesting without physical connection
- 2007 diffing diffs
- 2007 Diffstat
- 2007 dos2unix
- 2007 Duplex printing - use mpage
- 2007 Enscript
- 2007 etc with Subversion
- 2007 Exim 4 Catchall
- 2007 Exim 4 SMTP Auth
- 2007 FHS
- 2007 Finding about your Xorg display
- 2007 Finding additional information about a package not installed
- 2007 Fixing a package listing after a screw up with dselect
- 2007 Getting rid of .svn
- 2007 Getting the linux boot arguments
- 2007 Getting your IP from a DHCP server
- 2007 Grabbing a file from a Subversion repositry
- 2007 Grepping
- 2007 Grub Vga Framebuffer
- 2007 H4X0ring a d3b14n b0x3n
- 2007 Hard link vs Soft link
- 2007 hdparm
- 2007 hdparm
- 2007 how can a setup the default keymap for console??
- 2007 how do I filter output for just stderr messages?
- 2007 How do I update grub menu.lst on kernel-image install ?
- 2007 How to unfuck your terminal/console
- 2007 Howto tar up dot files and dirs
- 2007 Iceweasel DD search keyword shorcut bookmarks
- 2007 Image magic with imagemagick
- 2007 initrd
- 2007 Installing debian without CDs or boot floppies
- 2007 Installing java
- 2007 Installing something in tmp or your homedir or something
- 2007 Installing Xfree86 4.3 SID
- 2007 Ion the window manager resizing the frame
- 2007 Java in Debian
- 2007 Keeping track of changes in unstable
- 2007 Kernel modules (2.4) after copying a linux partition into a different machine
- 2007 KODAK DC3400 ZOOM DIGITAL CAMERA gphoto2
- 2007 Library usage
- 2007 Linux Ghost
- 2007 lsof
- 2007 LVM2
- 2007 maildrop: Unable to open mailbox.
- 2007 Majordomo how to remove a user
- 2007 Makefile for generating your CV or invoice
- 2007 Managing a TODO list
- 2007 mkdir -p not mkhier
- 2007 Modifying runlevels
- 2007 Mozilla crashing on news.bbc.co.uk ??
- 2007 Mplayer and BBC
- 2007 Name the interface
- 2007 netstat -napt (Who's connected to me?)
- 2007 NFS and Subversion
- 2007 Official Debian Tips
- 2007 Packages from experimental
- 2007 Passwordless logins with SSH
- 2007 Patching a debian package
- 2007 Ping broadcast
- 2007 Pinning
- 2007 Preparing a new upstream source release
- 2007 ps aux truncated output?
- 2007 Re-logging in (for taking on new permission settings)
- 2007 Re-mastering a CD
- 2007 Reading a man page
- 2007 Reading USENET news
- 2007 Realplayer
- 2007 Recording console sessions
- 2007 Removing something from the runlevels
- 2007 Roll back to previous package ! DOWNGRADING
- 2007 route add default gw
- 2007 Runlevels.
- 2007 Sane SUDO configuration
- 2007 Screen - enhancing the power of the console
- 2007 Screencasting, YouTube-y tips
- 2007 Sendmail mail when back online
- 2007 Setting timezone in Debian
- 2007 Showing friends and family GNU/Linux
- 2007 SMTP via SSH
- 2007 Spaces in filename?
- 2007 SSH port forwarding
- 2007 Standards versions diff
- 2007 Steps to setting a sub domain for a web service
- 2007 Subversion CVS ROOT
- 2007 Subversion gotchas
- 2007 SVN homedir
- 2007 SVN ID AUTHOR DATE information
- 2007 T30 2366-PM1 with Debian SID
- 2007 Taking screenshots
- 2007 TCP Port listings
- 2007 tee
- 2007 Testing a firewall?
- 2007 Time in New York? Tokyo?
- 2007 Time in Ubuntu
- 2007 Turn off Beeping
- 2007 Unicode
- 2007 Unpacking source
- 2007 Use 'sudo', not 'su'
- 2007 Use XDM
- 2007 using gnu tar reference
- 2007 Using IRSSI
- 2007 Using the Ion window manager notes
- 2007 Version numbers
- 2007 Version of package ?
- 2007 Viewing a firewall
- 2007 Viewing a subversion dump file
- 2007 Virtualisation with OpenVZ
- 2007 What does a symlink point to? (symbolic links)
- 2007 What is the command to change password?
- 2007 What package does this file belong to ?
- 2007 What type of file is it?
- 2007 What was the return code of the last command?
- 2007 whois dig
- 2007 Working on some packages from the Web
- 2007 Writing CDs (Backing up your Mail)
- 2007 xkill - Killing a process
- 2007 You are working on a foreign language machine ?
- Github
- 2021 No Auto Merge — Can I make Dependabot automatically update the dependencies? I.e. avoid a manual merge?
- Golang
- 2020 Testing by Go Playground example
- 2020 /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by ./server)
- 2017 Embedding types example
- 2017 Indexing templates
- 2017 Ways to read a file
- 2016 Join words in a template by comma
- 2015 Conditional in the template
- 2015 YYYY-MM-DD in Golang
- 2015 Golang list of structs
- 2015 How to delete an empty value in a slice in golang?
- 2015 How do you print a quoted list of strings in golang?
- 2013 Setting up structs
- 2013 Parsing arbitary JSON
- 2013 Finding GOLANG examples
- 2013 Posting a GOLANG snippet to play.golang.org
- Mutt
- 2013 Sharing a conversation
- 2013 Reading Dovecot Archives
- 2012 Extracting/unpacking a EML attachment
- 2008 Could not copy message
- 2007 .mailcap
- 2007 c shortcuts
- 2007 Debugging mutt
- 2007 Edit messages properly
- 2007 Emailing pictures
- 2007 Exim4 Etch Configuration
- 2007 Forwarding mail to another account
- 2007 Getting rid of duplicates
- 2007 Getting rid of frozen messages
- 2007 Maildrop: Forwarding emails
- 2007 Mark all mail read
- 2007 Merging maildirs
- 2007 My censored .muttrc
- 2007 Reading attachments (God forbid)
- 2007 Saving messages in IMAP
- 2007 Searching mail
- 2007 Trick for subscribing to a mailing list
- 2007 Vim text width
- Networking
- 2021 Adding a trusted certificate — How to add your employer's CA to the trusted list of certificate authorities
- 2016 L2TP tunnel notes
- 2015 How to untag a VLAN
- Python
- 2021 Howto code — How to get started coding
- 2021 Local python packages breakage — Dealing with python packages being all over the place
- 2009 Parsing XML root attributes
- 2007 Adding lists
- 2007 Am I running PyXML?
- 2007 Bayes
- 2007 Class customization
- 2007 Constructing and then Printing/Writing a simple XML file with dom
- 2007 Copy a list !
- 2007 Counting lines in a file
- 2007 Debugging trick
- 2007 Dropping into the interpreter after an ERROR to debug
- 2007 Fiddling with PYTHONPATH in bash
- 2007 Finding the key to a value
- 2007 Fixing tabs? Use reindent.py
- 2007 for i in range(len(li)): BAD
- 2007 how do I call a function in my class?
- 2007 How do I determine whether a string is of letter characters or digits?
- 2007 How would one read line (x) from a file?
- 2007 importing modules
- 2007 Infrequently asked questions
- 2007 Inserting values into HTML output
- 2007 Installing libraries into your $HOME
- 2007 Installing XML-SIG package as a user
- 2007 Iterating through two (equal) lists
- 2007 Joining a list of strings, or ints
- 2007 List sorting (DSU?)
- 2007 Mapping Types = dict
- 2007 None is null in python
- 2007 Normalizing whitespace
- 2007 Not using readlines (save memory)
- 2007 Ordered list union
- 2007 Organizing libs for your project
- 2007 Parsing HTML with REs
- 2007 Parsing strings into dicts
- 2007 Parsing tag soup
- 2007 Parsing XML for the text/cdata between a particular start/end tag
- 2007 Passing arguments
- 2007 Passwords
- 2007 Printing attributes of a class
- 2007 Printing your enviroment settings
- 2007 PyGTK
- 2007 PYTHONPATH in script
- 2007 Quick reference
- 2007 r+ (appending) and pickle do not mix!
- 2007 Reading input / user interaction
- 2007 Recursive file tree add thing
- 2007 Refactoring perl ;) STDIN STDOUT Example
- 2007 Regex XML
- 2007 Regular Expressions
- 2007 repr
- 2007 Return, do not print
- 2007 Returning first word on a line in a file by line number example
- 2007 Running nevow/twistd on a vhost
- 2007 Running other programs
- 2007 Setting list values
- 2007 Setting/initializing a list of certain length
- 2007 Sorting dictionaries (code example)
- 2007 String contains - Python2.3
- 2007 StripoGram - use strings
- 2007 Template
- 2007 Traversing minidom's tree (Parsing XML to text)
- 2007 Try use cPickle, it is faster
- 2007 Type checking or Object type comparisons
- 2007 Umask, permissions in newly created files
- 2007 Unique elements from a list
- 2007 Unitesting (simple example)
- 2007 Urllib
- 2007 Using sub re groups as arguments in functions
- 2007 VIM settings for proper style
- 2007 Write now!
- 2007 Zip
- R
- 2007 Barplot
- 2007 Histogram
- 2007 Pipe
- 2007 Sorting a table
- Redhat
- 2015 How to forward network ports to systemd-nspawn containers
- 2015 Running Firefox in a systemd-nspawn container
- 2013 systemd
- 2007 CentOS
- 2007 Firewall
- 2007 Installing from CDs using the console
- 2007 Listing files in an RPM
- 2007 SELinux
- 2007 Silly security with TCP wrappers hosts.allow
- 2007 User limits
- Scm
- 2022 Searching for a git commit message — fatal command line, '[FOOBAR-1234]' Invalid range end
- 2012 Cloning cgit repositories
- 2009 Cherry picking git commits from another branch
- 2008 Git tips from work
- 2008 Git CVS tutorial
- 2007 Accidental deletion
- 2007 Building Subversion in your $HOME
- 2007 Checking mirrors in SVK
- 2007 Cherry pick a change in SVN
- 2007 cvs release in Subversion?
- 2007 Diff to head of trunk
- 2007 Finding .svn
- 2007 Howto send a PATCH from git
- 2007 I am on changes X and I want to roll back to X-1 for testing
- 2007 Merging changes from your HEAD branch to your other branches
- 2007 Revert a change in CVS
- 2007 Reverting with Subversion
- 2007 SVK notes
- 2007 SVK: Missing file
- 2007 Tracking another branch of a project with GIT
- 2007 Unpatch a patch
- Shell
- 2022 Tmux configuration — How I setup my tmux for client work
- 2021 Iterating on a sequence diagram — How to work upon a plantuml graphic
- 2021 Finding a common time across timezones — Timezone in local time
- 2021 Good rsync options — Switches to use in a filesystem sync
- 2021 Setting up the Alacritty terminal — Avoid the export TERM=xterm workaround
- 2020 Converting ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 — Detecting encodings and converting them with CLI tools
- 2020 Two types of Variables
- 2017 Confirm action loop
- 2017 JSON to 100
- 2017 Sorting
- 2015 Streaming a Live Broadcast from your Webcam to your iPhone
- 2014 Finding the rotation of a iPhone video
- 2014 Working with a directories of unknown files
- 2013 Convert square meters into square feet
- 2013 Scan for hosts alive on your subnet
- 2012 Testing suckless programs
- 2012 Using the OMDB API to rate your movies
- 2012 Indenting bash
- 2011 Create git ssh push accounts
- 2010 Piping to a function
- 2010 Using return codes
- 2010 Using shell instead of awk for printing columns
- 2010 Exit Makefile on error
- 2009 Writing shell scripts that suckless
- 2009 Sort by column
- 2009 Do not use GNU find when recursion is not needed
- 2009 Using CSV values to insert text
- 2009 Updating a version number for a release
- 2009 Parsing a comma seperated file with shell
- 2009 Converting XML to CSV
- 2008 First character of a variable in shell
- 2008 Shell cat END
- 2008 Testing for root in POSIX shell
- 2008 Listing directory size
- 2008 find tips
- 2008 Source line count
- 2008 Sed in place editing
- 2008 Progress bar for dd
- 2007 Adding a column of floats
- 2007 Backspace
- 2007 Bash YES/NO prompt interaction
- 2007 Case insentitive basename
- 2007 Checking a variable is set
- 2007 Count to ten
- 2007 Deleting french movies with spaces
- 2007 find and copy
- 2007 Getting port numbers out of /etc/service
- 2007 ISO8601 a file
- 2007 Removing characters
- 2007 split
- 2007 Testing a file exists
- 2007 Testing VARs
- 2007 Turning off option parsing
- 2007 Viewing certain pictures
- Tex
- 2007 Biblography tips
- 2007 Latin1 Characters
- 2007 Letters
- 2007 Links
- 2007 Online resources
- 2007 Roman enumeration
- 2007 TODO list
- Vim
- 2022 How to move horizontally — You could / search or ...
- 2021 Editing Javascript in vim in Docker — Can neovim + plugins actually functionally beat Visual Studio code?
- 2021 How to exit vim — To get started, you must learn how to stop
- 2020 Kill last word
- 2008 Formatting text
- 2008 Merging differences
- 2008 Searching short variable names
- 2008 Inserting a Unicode character in VIM
- 2008 Undoing and bouncing between changes
- 2008 vim7's auto-completion features
- 2008 vim7's tabs
- 2008 Inserting UNICODE
- 2007 Byte code!
- 2007 Cleaning whitespace
- 2007 Commenting certain lines
- 2007 Editing two files
- 2007 FAQ
- 2007 How do I configure VIM to resume editing where I was last editing in a file, saved and quit?
- 2007 Latex
- 2007 Learn like IRC
- 2007 Literal Char
- 2007 Make development cycles in C/C++
- 2007 New lines in VIM
- 2007 Outputting VIM buffer as HTML
- 2007 Python
- 2007 Search and replace
- 2007 Searching and Replacing
- 2007 Spanish
- 2007 The book
- 2007 vim7's spelling features
- 2007 Wordcount
- 2007 XML
- Web
- 2022 Best bug reporting template — Quest to find the best bug reporting template
- 2022 Postman collection to Swagger — How to create Swagger documentation using Postman
- 2021 Documenting APIs — Swagger = Openapi 2.0
- 2021 Minimal VueJS route bind — Adventures with window.location.hash
- 2021 Parsing JSON Web Tokens — Decoding a JWT with JQ
- 2020 Establishing Cloudfront at a S3 static site — Debugging Cloudfront with S3 AccessDenied issues
- 2020 JQ iterate in shell, line by line — Sometimes you want to work item by item in a JSON array
- 2020 Absolutely minimal Hugo static site
- 2020 Reshape JSON by collapsing nested data
- 2017 Javascript templating
- 2017 Promise versus async/await
- 2017 Javascript Promises
- 2016 Javascript ES6 refactoring
- 2015 Protected dir listing on Apache 2.4
- 2015 jq query with a hyphen
- 2015 AH01144: No protocol handler was valid for the URL /
- 2015 Sorting JSON in place by a value
- 2014 From Apache to Nginx rewrites
- 2013 Nginx 1.4 Virtual hosting
- 2011 Create solid colour PNGs with Imagemagick
- 2010 Apache Digest access authentication
- 2010 Proxying around BBC Iplayer geo restrictions
- 2010 Counting code examples out of BONDI widlprocxml
- 2009 WebIDL function names
- 2009 Adding versions to Bugzilla
- 2008 Default bugzilla severity priority
- 2008 Escaping and quoting best practices for PHP
- 2008 Selecting the first H1
- 2008 Chrome, wine and Debian
- 2008 Mozex VIM textarea editing
- 2008 javascript var scope
- 2008 Editing HTML5 in vim
- 2008 Shell CGI
- 2008 Unicode in PHP
- 2007 Accessibility = disability
- 2007 Addressbook standard
- 2007 An XHTML or a XHTML ?
- 2007 Apache 2.4 Virtual hosting
- 2007 Bad News
- 2007 Browser security
- 2007 Copy, Paste, Cut
- 2007 Debian feed
- 2007 Disable an extension in Iceweasel/Firefox
- 2007 Disable caching in Apache2
- 2007 Dogma
- 2007 Encode your email address to protect yourself from spam bots
- 2007 Grepping a URL
- 2007 How to make web pages properly
- 2007 HTML is the API
- 2007 Keywords
- 2007 Licensing
- 2007 Mapping URLs to the FS
- 2007 Mobitopia
- 2007 Mozilla and Subversion
- 2007 Mozilla forms
- 2007 Mozilla Type Ahead Find
- 2007 PDF
- 2007 POST forms into Get forms
- 2007 Rails, Debian and gem
- 2007 Shorcuts in Mozilla
- 2007 Some soup sir?
- 2007 SVG sucks
- 2007 Unicode UTF-8
- 2007 Unpractial Specs from the W3C
- 2007 update-alternatives x-www-browser
- 2007 Web applications with Mozilla
- 2007 Web stats are useless
- 2007 WHAT
- 2007 Why not HTML?
- 2007 Wordpress password mysql
- 2007 XML on the Web has failed.